Apparatus for receiving electrical energy.



C. D. I II\I\II\III\IGl APPARATUS FOR RECEIVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 26, |905, RENEWED SEPT. 9. 1915.

lddfltlldltillll CHARLES I). LANNING, Ol? DORCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

APPARATUS FOB, RECEVING ELECTBCAL Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 225, i916.

Application led December 26, 1905, Serial rio. 293,215. Renewed September 9, 1915. Serial No. 49,8523.

To (iHv/010m t may concern Be it known that l` (luinnns l). LANNixo, a citizen oi the llnited States, residing at Dorchester, in the count)y of Suii'olk and State of liiassachusetts, have invented au improvement in Apparatus ior Receiving Electrical Energy, of which the following description, in connection with the acc'ompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention relates to apparatus for receiving electrical energy, being particularly concerned with the reproduction, retransmission, record or indication of electrical energy, and more especially electrical energy transmitted from a distant point.

My invent-ion will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

ln the drawings-Figure 1 shows in plan an instrument embodying one form of my invention; Fig. 9. is a sectional elevation on the line 2 2, in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detail in section, partially broken' away, taken on the line 3 8 in Fig. 2, and Fig. Ll is a detailed illustration of the separated or interrupted paramagnetic conductor employed in the instrument illust ated Referring to the drawings and to the illustrated instrument which embodies one forni ot' the apparatus constituting this invention, the saine is shown associated with a conventionally represented telephone circuitl and constructed and arranged for use as a telephone repeater. Although this application of my invention is here made for illustrative purposes, it is to be understood that, the invention is not limited thereto, but that it may be applied to the receipt of electrical energy in other forms than telephone currents, for the reproduction, utilizatiorn transformation. detection or indication thereof.

in its details, as shown for illustration, the repeating instrument is provided with a receiving coil c. et any suitable construction, but preferably, when applied to the purposes described, wound for inclusion, directly or indirectly, in a telephone receiving circuit 7J, the latter conventionally shown in Fig. l leading to a distant station A, where it is provided with the usual and ordinary transmitter c7 battery d and induction coil e. The telephone circuit Z) is shown as connectlof the core rod sides.

ed directly to binding posts 7' upon the baseboard g of the instrument, connection being thence had to the binding posts f1., )t indicated by dotted lines, and thence to receiving coil by the terminal plugs i, and flexible leads j, y'.

The application of this invention being illustrative only and not being concerned particularly with the circuiting of the telephone lines, the saine is here shown arranged as a one-wa;Y repeater only for repeating voice currents generated at the sending station A to the recciring station l5, the latter having the usual telephone receiver 7c. The receiving station B connected to the instrument at the supposed rep ating station by the line circuit Z, the latter being inductivelv related to the local or repeating circuit vm through the induction, coil fn.. The local circuit is connected to binding posts 0 and then passes by under-- neath connections to the supporting posts j), there being preferably provided some source of electro-motive force, such as the battery fj, for maintaining a preferably constant current iow in the local circuit. The supporting posts are vertically split part way down to receive and support the prejecting ends of the receiving magnet core fr, which herein consists ot' a soit iron rod of suitable dimensions. The clamping screws e, s threaded into the split ends of the posts clamp the ends of the core firmly in position and afford good conductive contact between the posts and the core, the local circuit being therefore completed through the paramagnetic conducting core of the receiving -magnet. The magnetic circuit of the receiving magnet is completed by .means of the U-shaped bei: M, which is preferably of hardened steel and permanently magnetized. The magnet bar is .concavcd slightly its end face to iit the curvature The latter are separated from the bar by a thin sheet oi insulating material t, but are pressed toward the bar ends by pressure screws u to reduce to a minimum the effect oiC the break in increasing the magnetic reluctance of the circuit.

it will be observed that in its normal conditionthe apparatus described has a current, and herein a substantially constant current, continuously flowing through the local circuit and therefore lengthwise through the core of the receiving magnet,

.portioningthe magnetic circuit traversed initial linx which is thus set up to the variable flux created by the line current energy, wlnch relation 1n the instrument shown may be provlded for by suitably forming or proby the magnetic flux of the receiving magnet, the current undulations of the receiving circuit may be accurately reproduced, witbout distortion and with intensification, in the local circuit and impressed upon the current flowing therein t'or transmission to the distant station B through the medium ot' the induction coil n. This action I believe to be due to the choking elfect of the receiving magnet tlux passing lengthwise the magnet core upon the magnetic fiux generated by the local current, and in the described form of apparatus maintained circumferentially and exterior to the core or that part of the core forming the conducting path tor the local current. One formation oi' the core which I have found effective for reproduction of energy variation in the receiving circuit is shown in the drawingsI` where the core is separated intosub-divisions l', which abut against each other to give good electrical contact but present opposed convex end faces, so that the continuity of the core is interrupted, or partially interrupted, at those. places by an air gap which converges toward the axial contact points or areas of the adjacent faces. To press the separated core portions into firm contact there is provided at one end of the instrument the hori* zontal end pressure screw w, threaded into the side ot the upright support m to aline with themagnet core and adapted, after the clamping screws s lhave been turned, to clamp the farther end ot the core rod and loosen the nearer end thereof to force the core portions into rm contact with cach other, the set screw 7/ being then screwed down to maintain them in that condition.

An adjusting screw .e is located beneath the n'iagnetto properly support the latter 'for suitable alinement with its core rods.

The action of this instrument I account for on the following grounds: rIhe magnetic flux normally generated by the constantly` flowing local current, which flux is circumferential and exterior to the conducting core members, is naturally concentrated or intensified in the air gap separations ot the core, reaching its greatest intensification immediately adjacent the area ot' contact between adjacent faces, the contact in the illustrated form being supposed to be little more than mere point contact. VVhenthe current impulse is received by the magnet coil, the core sections, being in metallic contact to but a slight extent, and the continuous metallic circuit afforded by the metallically contacting portions of the core .being partially or wholly saturated by the initial, and herein permanent magnetism, of the bar M passing longitudinally through the core, the added flux, due to the energy impulse in the receiving magnet, is forced or spread out at these contracted core points exterior to the conductor core and into the adjacent converging air gap, this added longitudinal iiux, however, where it passes through the air gap being naturally most highly concen trated adjacent the point or area of contact where the air gap provides a path of low magnetic reluctance. This concentration of the longitudinal iiux into the region necessaril-y occupied by the intensified circumferential flux causes the former to choke down the latter and, by reducing the linx inclosing the conductor, produces a momentary reduction in the local current, thus reproducing, as an intensified energy impulse or variation in the local circuit, the energy impulse or variation in the receiving circuit. In the instrument shown this efiect is wholly magnetic, for it will be evident that no purely inductive action can be maintained between the two cross fluxes and no microphonic action due to variable contact between the separated core portions, as has been and can be readily.demonstrated by cxperiment.

In the illustrated instrument I have described a form of apparatus well adapted to carry out my invention and arranged to suitably relate the initial fiux of the local circuit to the controlling linx of the receiving circuit, but it is to be understood that extensive departures from the disclosed form of apparatus and the described method may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. The apparatus disclosed is eflicient for the purposes described, but it is obvious that the initial flux lnay be gcnerated by means other than the constantly flowing current and that the desired action of the controlling v[iux upon thc initial flux may take place without thenecessarv passage of the controlling fiux through thc body ot' the local conductor, or without the passage ot' the local circuit through the core of the receiving magnet coil, or in the instrument shown without lthe particular proportioning and formation ot thc core disclosed, or without other conditions which are here dcscribwl for the purpose ol i'ully illustrating one operative embodiment ol this invention.

It is to be noticed that the provision ot' a number of contracted air gap-prmlucing core portions secures a considerable and ci"- tcctive cumulative magnetic action, ncrcasing considerably the ellicicncy ol' the instrument. At the Sallie time the formation of the core portion and the arrangement of the magnetic elements are such, and thc air gap which the longitudinal [lux is compelled to traverse is so slight, that the magnetic relucinfettato n tance ot 'the circuit extremely low and the ell'ectivenees oi the receiving magnet raised to a maximum.

Gianni-it l. A current receiving;A device having` a receiving magnet., a core therefor having a plurality ot reduced pta-tiene ot' magnetic material in magnetic contact with Y each. other, and a local. circuit including the mag nety core. i

2. )t current receivioo' aimaratusI having; a receiving magnet having` a core provided with Sub-divided portions having convex contacting ends ot magnetic n'ietal and a local circuit including` the magnet core.

3. A current receiving, a pparatna ha ving' a receiving magnet having; a core provided with sulrdivided portions having convex contacting` ends ot' magnetic metal and a local circui' including the magnet core, and a source ot :onstaat electro-motive torce for sa id circuit.

lili

et. il current receiving' apparatus having; a recei'ing magnet having; a core provided with subdivided portions of magnetic niaterial having convoir contacting ende also ot magnetic metal and a local circuit including the magnet core, a source of constant electro-motive force Jtor Said circuit, and means tor initially magnet-iaingsaid core.

current receiving apparatus raving?y a local. circuit, a receiving magnet and a core for the receiving magnet having xseparate metallic magnetic portions with (livel-ging metallic walls ircontact witii each other, said core aloe Serving as a part oli the Said local circuit.

l. current receiving apparatus having` a local circuit composed in part o' two iron bodies in contact with each other, hut liavine,l their walls divergring from the region of con tact, and a receiving;` magnet in inductive relation. to said bofliS.

T. )t receiving apparatus having a receiving coil, a core l'or said coil having' a pair olf cylindrimil iron core piccefs alnitting); one agrainet the other and having,l Wallis diverging troni the region ot' contact, and a local circuit electrically aeisociated with Said core.

tl. It receiving apinimtue` having a receiving coil, an initially inagnetizcd core for said coil having` a pair of jvlindrical iron core pieces abutting,A one against the other and having;A ivalle diverging from the region o'l' contact, and a. local circuitI associated with said core.

il. it receivingn device having a` receiving coil, a core olf inaenetic material therefor, id core being' ot eulialantially uiufhainginel reaistance under the niagg'netic inluence oil the receiving coil and providing; a cnitinn oui-5 magnetic cont'luctor, said materia, lacing; ren'ioved at` one or more points lenirthvviec the core to provide one or more pointe et in.- creaeed magnetic reluctance, and a local circuit connected with the said core.

lill. di receiving apparatus having a receiv-v innj coil, a core lor Said coil havingL a, pair ot iron core pieces alulttingry each with iron walls against the iron valle of the other and having; ivalls diver-ring troni the region of contact, and a local circuit electracalliv ae Sociated with Said core.

ll. .fr currcnt-receiving device having,T a receiving mag) et provided with a core, '.l core boingot substantially iinchanginef reeistance under the magnetic inlluence o'l the magnet, and Said core conaistingg` ot sul divided portions having abutting ends with diver-ging Walle, and a loal circuit includingr the magnetic core.

li A cumerit-receiving aifiparatus having' la receiving magnet, a core theretor ot cui stantiallv iinchanging` resistance under the magnetic inl'luencc ol" the magnet, a local circuit non-inductivcly related to the maa'- nct and includingg` the said core, and ineann magnetically to reproduce energvv varia in said local circuit through variations in the receiving;` magnet.

lll. il ciirrcnt-receivinpr apparatus; havinga receiving magnet.. a local circuit nou-iin ductively related thereto, and means Vl'or noirinductively choking,- the magnetic l'lux generated hy the. current in said local circuit through variations in the strength ot the receiving; magnet.

lil. ln an instriunei'it lor controlling' the l'loiv of electrical current in a conductor the combination with a conductor composed ot magnetic me lal and having a portion ot` re duced minimum crosel Section with its walls thereat converging toward the conductor axis ot 1n xans; 'tor generating a longitudinal flux through said coinluetor indepeinlent oifu the current-"aused circuinferential l'lux. ol the conductor. i

l5. ln an instrument tor controllingr the flow ol electrical current in a coiuluctor, the combination with a conductor composed ol'v a plurality oi sections olE magnetic metal presenting.,r contacting walls ciinvul-ringv lo u'ard the conductor axis, olE menne compris-4 inga solenoid urrouiuling;` the Said conductor for generatiner a longitudinal llux through the same indcliendcnt ol'I the cur rent-caused circumlercntial [luxol the con dui-tor.

ln testimony whereof, l have signed my name to this Specification in the presence o lf two :suhscriliing` witnesses.

Cllr/tRLES D. ln'tNillNtl.

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